Reza Eslami; Negar Reisi
Abstract
International development law, as an international rule maker system which is based on equity and solidarity, seeks to provide equal opportunities for cooperation of all countries in international relations regardless of their economic and social status. In this regard, international cooperation between ...
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International development law, as an international rule maker system which is based on equity and solidarity, seeks to provide equal opportunities for cooperation of all countries in international relations regardless of their economic and social status. In this regard, international cooperation between developed and under developed countries, meaningful, real, and widespread participation of citizens in general, and NGOs, women and indigenous people in particular are the main tools for achieving development. The crucial point here is enhancing and promoting broad, informed and active participation of citizens within the international development law particularly in the fields of poverty reduction and environmental. Since the success of development programs is highly relied on the acceptance of stakeholders, empowerment, creation of opportunities and providing conditions for citizens' participation at all levels of decision making will not only create a ground for effective participation of citizens and fulfillment of human development, but also lead to achievement of sustainable development goals.
Reza Eslami; fatemeh Mortazavi fard
Volume 16, Issue 46 , September 2015, , Pages 39-79
Abstract
This article first refers to the importance of the freedom from fear as a forgotten freedom, and analyzes the political fear and its negative impact on the citizens’ behavior in the society as well as the violation of human rights and freedoms. The article also provides the historical discourse ...
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This article first refers to the importance of the freedom from fear as a forgotten freedom, and analyzes the political fear and its negative impact on the citizens’ behavior in the society as well as the violation of human rights and freedoms. The article also provides the historical discourse on this freedom in renaissance era, and also reviews the elements required in achieving freedom from fear and its close relation to human security. The article then studies the threats to freedom of fear including classical threats such as arbitrary detention, torture, and forced disappearance as well as the new ones like terrorism, organized crimes, and domestic violence, and then examines the impact of these threats on freedom from fear. The article concludes that the basic human rights and fundamental freedoms cannot be achieved in any society without providing freedom from fear in its true sense and comprehensive meaning
Soheila Golpour; Reza Eslami
Volume 15, Issue 40 , September 2013, , Pages 71-113
Abstract
This article briefly studies the historical background as well as theopinions of some scholars with respect to tolerance, as a human virtueand a moral and political value. It argues that tolerance originates fromhuman dignity and respect and that societies are advised not only totolerate the differences ...
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This article briefly studies the historical background as well as theopinions of some scholars with respect to tolerance, as a human virtueand a moral and political value. It argues that tolerance originates fromhuman dignity and respect and that societies are advised not only totolerate the differences among individuals and ethnic groups but alsovalue these differences. Further it reviews the available instruments inInternational human rights law touching on the requirement of peacefulcoexistence among social groups and minorities. It then examines inparticular, the UNESCO Declaration on Principles of Tolerance. Finallyit stresses the need for education in promoting tolerance in societieswhere social groups initiate dialogue primarily in order to eliminateprejudice, hatred and discrimination off societies, and eventually promotethe notion of peace among citizens.
